The Balkans are home to some of Europe's cleanest and wildest rivers, crucial to the continent's biodiversity. But a surge in infrastructure projects increasingly threatens them, said the study published by NGOs Riverwatch and EuroNatur.
A wild river is one untouched by industry or dams. But in recent years, the entire Balkan region has seen a boom in small hydropower plants, generously subsidised, as investors seek to exploit a reliable and renewable energy source.
According to a 2024 report by the same NGOs, there are around 1,800 such plants in the Balkans, with more than 3,000 additional construction projects planned.
The new research focused on "near-natural" rivers -- waterways where flow remains intact or nearly so, with natural floodplains.
In 2012, these largely unaltered rivers accounted for 30 per cent of the region's waterways. By 2025 however, they represented only 23 per cent -- a loss of nearly 2,500 kilometres (almost 1,600 miles).
These rivers, which are essential to environmental preservation, are particularly threatened in Albania and Bosnia.
For Bosnia, the proportion of intact rivers decreased by 23 per cent between 2012 and 2025.
Albania recorded a "massive reduction" in "near-natural river sections", falling from 68 per cent in 2012 to just 40 per cent in 2025, the report said.
But it also noted that Albania's 2023 decision to designate the Vjosa -- one of Europe's last wild rivers -- as a national park had helped block dozens of planned dams there.
Across the region nearly 900 kilometres (560 miles) of rivers had been successfully preserved thanks to legal victories.
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