Carney lost no time standing up for "the Canadian way of life" after the Liberal Party overwhelmingly elected him on Sunday to succeed Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.
"We didn't ask for this fight. But Canadians are always ready when someone else drops the gloves," Carney told party supporters in Ottawa.
"So the Americans, they should make no mistake, in trade as in hockey, Canada will win," he said.
"Canada never ever will be part of America in any way, shape or form," said the 59-year-old, who will take over from Trudeau in the coming days.
Carney may not have the job for long.
Canada must hold elections by October but could well see a snap poll within weeks. Current opinion polls had the opposition Conservatives as slight favorites.
- 'Existential challenge' -
Carney warned in his victory speech that the United States under Trump was seeking to seize control of Canada.
"The Americans want our resources, our water, our land, our country," he said, adding "these were dark days brought on by a country we can no longer trust."
"We're all being called to stand up for... the Canadian way of life."
Carney previously led both the Bank of Canada and the Bank of England. He soundly defeated his main challenger, Trudeau's former deputy prime minister Chrystia Freeland, who held senior cabinet positions in the Liberal government first elected in 2015.
Carney won 85.9 percent of the nearly 152,000 votes cast. Freeland took just eight percent of the vote.
Carney campaigned on a promise to stand up to Trump.
Trump has repeatedly spoken about annexing Canada and thrown bilateral trade, the lifeblood of the Canadian economy, into chaos with dizzying tariff actions that have veered in various directions since he took office.
Trudeau said "Canadians face from our neighbor an existential challenge."
- Contending with Trump -
British Prime Minister Keir Starmer congratulated Carney, saying: "I look forward to working closely with him on shared international priorities."
China, which has a turbulent relationship with Canada, also congratulated Carney but said it hoped the country could "pursue a positive and pragmatic policy towards China."
Celebrating the outcome in Ottawa, party loyalist Cory Stevenson said "the Liberal party has the wind in its sails."
"We chose the person who could best face off against (Tory leader) Pierre Poilievre in the next election and deal with Donald Trump," he told AFP.
Carney has argued that his experience makes him the ideal counter to Trump. He has portrayed himself as a seasoned economic crisis manager who led the Bank of Canada through the 2008-2009 financial crisis and the Bank of England through the turbulence that followed the 2016 Brexit vote.
Data released from the Angus Reid polling firm on Wednesday shows Canadians see Carney as the favorite choice to face down Trump, potentially offering the Liberals a boost over the opposition Conservatives.
Forty-three percent of respondents said they trusted Carney the most to deal with Trump, with 34 percent backing Poilievre.
The Liberals were headed for an electoral wipeout before Trudeau announced his plans to resign in January, but the leadership change and Trump's influence have dramatically tightened the race.
"We were written off about four months ago and now we're right back where we should be," former MP Frank Baylis, who also ran for the Liberal leadership, told AFP.
- Unproven -
Carney made a fortune as an investment banker at Goldman Sachs before entering the Canadian civil service.
Since leaving the Bank of England in 2020, he has served as a United Nations envoy working to get the private sector to invest in climate-friendly technology and has held private sector roles.
He has never served in parliament nor held an elected public office.
Analysts say his untested campaign skills could prove a liability against a Conservative Party already running attack ads accusing Carney of shifting positions and misrepresenting his experience.
"He is unproven in the crucible of an election," said Cameron Anderson, a political scientist at Ontario's Western University.
But he said Carney's tough anti-Trump rhetoric "is what Canadians want to hear from their leaders."
They are "viewing these things in an existential way."
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