Bern and Beijing agreed to an early launch of formal negotiations to expand a free trade agreement in place since 2013, state news agency Xinhua reported.
China also agreed to provide visa-free entry for Swiss citizens, it said.
The agreements were reached during the first high-level meeting between the two countries since the Covid-19 pandemic.
Heading the Chinese delegation was Premier Li Qiang, who was met by Swiss President and Defence Minister Viola Amherd when he arrived at Zurich airport on Sunday.
And he was granted military honours as Monday's meeting kicked off at the Lohn Estate near Bern -- a rare, high-level welcome rolled out for the highest-ranking Chinese representative to visit Switzerland since President Xi Jinping's visit in 2017.
Swiss Economy Minister Guy Parmelin also took part in Monday's talks, as did Chinese Commerce Minister Wang Wentao, the governor of the People's Bank of China and high-ranking representatives from other ministries including Deputy Foreign Minister Ma Zhaoxu.
The Swiss government said in a statement that the two sides "discussed the deep and wide-ranging bilateral relations characterised by dialogue on around 30 issues, as well as a range of current international affairs".
The two countries also discussed the planned resumption this year of dialogue between their foreign ministries, due to touch on issues including development cooperation and human rights.
China has been Switzerland's most important trading partner in Asia since 2010 and is its third most important trading partner globally, after the European Union and the United States.
The two sides signed a joint declaration following a study on how to further develop their free trade agreement, Bern said, hailing this as "an important step towards the start of possible negotiations".
Xinhua said before the end of the year, the two countries would hold a new round of strategic talks on "on finance and energy, education policy dialogue, as well as consultations on UN Security Council affairs".
The Swiss government said another topic discussed was whether Switzerland "would be included on the list of countries whose residents benefit from visa-free entry to China for stays up to 15 days".
It did not provide more details, but Xinhua reported that China had agreed to apply a "unilateral visa-free policy to Switzerland".
The Swiss meanwhile would "provide more visa facilitation for Chinese citizens as well as Chinese enterprises investing in Switzerland", it said.
Li's visit took place amid heightened security in the Swiss capital, with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky also visiting.
The two men were due to go on from Bern to the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos.
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