China Prepares for Launch of Tianwen 2 Asteroid Mission

China Prepares for Launch of Tianwen 2 Asteroid Mission
by Simon Mansfield
Sydney, Australia (SPX) Feb 21, 2025

China is gearing up for its first asteroid sample-return mission, Tianwen 2, which is set to launch in the coming months from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan province, according to the China National Space Administration (CNSA).

The space agency announced on Thursday that the robotic probe has already arrived at the launch facility. It stated that "facilities at the launch center are in good condition, and pre-launch preparations are underway as planned." The mission is scheduled to take place within the first half of the year.

Tianwen 2 represents China's second interplanetary venture and is designed to explore the asteroid 2016 HO3, also known as 469219 Kamo'oalewa. This celestial body is the smallest and closest-known quasi-satellite of Earth.

The mission architecture consists of a probe with two key components-an orbiter and a reentry module-launched aboard a large carrier rocket. Upon reaching its target, the spacecraft will enter orbit around 2016 HO3 and then maneuver closer to collect surface samples using a mechanical arm.

After retrieving the material, Tianwen 2 will journey back to Earth's orbit, where it will release its reentry module to safely return the samples to the ground. Following this phase, the orbiter will continue its mission, heading toward the main-belt comet 311P to conduct further scientific investigations.

More than 1 million asteroids have been identified in the solar system, with over 20,000 classified as near-Earth objects. Scientists first detected 2016 HO3 in April 2016 at Hawaii's Haleakala Observatories using an asteroid survey telescope. The asteroid remains in a stable orbit around the Sun while maintaining a close relationship with Earth. Researchers believe it may hold vital clues about the early history and composition of the solar system.

Meanwhile, 311P is located within the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Though its physical properties resemble those of comets, its orbital behavior aligns more closely with asteroids. Studying this object could provide new insights into the structure, composition, and evolution of small celestial bodies, offering valuable knowledge about solar system formation.

The Tianwen program, named after an ancient Chinese poem, encompasses China's interplanetary exploration ambitions. The first mission, Tianwen 1, was launched in July 2020 and successfully landed on Mars in May 2021. It deployed the Zhurong rover, which became the sixth robotic explorer to operate on the Martian surface, following five previous U.S. missions.