The Chang'e-5 rover completed its mission in 2020, returning to Earth with rock and soil samples from the Moon.
The lunar samples "revealed the presence of trace water", the group of scientists from Chinese universities wrote in the Nature Astronomy journal published Monday.
A NASA infrared detector already confirmed in 2020 the existence of water on the Moon, while scientists found traces of water in recent analyses of samples dating from the 1960s and 1970s.
But the Chang'e-5 samples are from a "much higher latitude", providing new clues as to what form water takes on the Moon's surface, the Chinese scientists wrote.
The samples suggest that "water molecules can persist in sunlit areas of the Moon in the form of hydrated salts", they said.
Chang'e-5 was the world's first mission in four decades to collect samples from the Moon.
It followed the Chang'e-4's historic first landing on the far side of the Moon in January 2019.
And last month, the Chang'e-6 lunar probe completed its mission to collect the first samples from the far side of the Moon.
China has poured huge resources into its space programme over the past decade, targeting ambitious undertakings in an effort to catch up to traditional space powers the United States and Russia.
It has built a space station and become the third country to send astronauts into orbit.
China also aims to send a crewed mission to the Moon by 2030 and plans to build a base on the lunar surface.
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