Instead, the joint report by the American Physical Society and Materials Research Society urged the US government to promote research in alternatives for things like solar panels, wind turbines and electric cars, and to boost recycling of electronic devices.

"We do not recommend economic stockpiling which we believe is a disincentive to innovation and has backfired in the past," said Robert Jaffe, co-chair of the joint study group and professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

"After all, many of these elements are not even found in significant deposits in the United States so mining independence doesn't even make sense," said Jaffe.

"We have relied on trade with trading partners and to supply ourselves with these materials and others for a long time."

The report did not limit itself to the so-called rare earths -- a collection of 17 elements that have become vital ingredients in high-tech products ranging from iPods to wind turbines.

It included a broader group of what the team called "energy critical elements," or rare earths in addition to platinum group elements, photovoltaic ECEs and others, a group that totaled 29 items.

China, which controls more than 90 percent of the world market for rare earths, said Wednesday it would tighten control over its industry, the latest step in a campaign to bring the lucrative metals under stricter regulation that has caused concern overseas that Beijing is abusing its market dominance.

However, Jaffe pointed out that "many of the materials on the list are not particularly centered in China so this is not an issue of China versus the rest of the world."

Thomas Graedel, director of the Center for Industrial Ecology at Yale University, said China does not have all the materials needed for every new technology.

China "is depending on other countries for solar cell materials, for example," he said.

"Technology these days is worldwide and the result is that the materials business is worldwide and everyone is really to some extent dependent on everyone else," Graedel said.

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